The return of the modified bones to anatomical position is the most puzzling aspect of the modification evidence.

If the tools had a specific purpose that required the material properties of human long bone — a purpose that could not have been served by animal bone — then the use and return pattern makes a kind of sense in terms of the temporality of the practice: the tools were used for their purpose and then restored to their place.

But the specific purpose remains unknown.

What made this woman’s remains the subject of this treatment while the juvenile male beside her was treated without modification?