Other materials also moved across the PPN world: specific types of shell from distant coastal sources appear at inland sites; specific designs and traditions in material culture appear across geographically distant areas in ways suggesting shared cultural connections.

The world of PPN Upper Mesopotamia was not a collection of isolated, self-sufficient communities.

It was a networked world in which information, materials, and presumably people moved across significant distances.

For Göbekli Tepe, this network means that its influence and the influences upon it were not limited to the immediately surrounding region.

Communities that came to the site from distances of many kilometers brought with them materials, ideas, and social connections from the broader PPN world.

The site was a node in a network rather than an isolated point.