Inside The Mysteries Of Göbekli Tepe, The Oldest Temple In The World
Different enclosures appear to emphasize different animal species, and the specific configuration of which animals appear on which pillars in which enclosures shows a degree of patterning that may be meaningful.
If specific animal species are associated with specific social groups — if the fox is the symbol of one kin group and the boar of another, for example — then the distribution of species across enclosures might reflect the social identities of the groups that built or used specific spaces.
This kind of “totemism” — the association of social groups with specific animal species or other natural categories — is widespread in human cultures and is particularly well-documented in hunter-gatherer societies across the world.
The specific forms that totemic relationships take vary enormously, from the recognition of an ancestral or protective relationship with a specific species to more complex symbolic systems in which the characteristics of the animal are seen as embodied in the characteristics of the associated group.