Franchère himself used this framing.

It is accurate, but it requires some unpacking to avoid collapsing into stereotype.

“Indigenous knowledge” in this context means specific, practical, learned competencies.

It is not mystical.

It is not genetic.

It is not the result of some inherent connection to the natural world that European-heritage people lack.

It is the product of growing up in a community where specific skills are taught and practiced because they are necessary for survival and well-being.

The cold-climate skills that mattered in the Blue Mountains in January 1814 include: