The bison was not simply a food source.

It was the basis of an entire way of life, and the health of the bison herds was the health of the Plains nations.

In 1800, an estimated thirty million to sixty million bison roamed the Great Plains of North America.

By 1889, fewer than a thousand remained.

The destruction of the bison herds was not an accident.

It was policy — explicit or implicit, the effect was the same.

The transcontinental railroads that crossed the Plains in the 1860s and 1870s brought hunters whose commercial slaughter of bison for hides became an industry.