The Battle of Little Bighorn was fought on ground that remained, after the battle, in U.S. government hands.

The battlefield became a national monument — originally called the Custer Battlefield National Monument, renamed the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument in 1991 — and has been the subject of extensive archaeological investigation.

The most significant archaeological work followed a grass fire in August 1983 that burned off the vegetation covering the battlefield and made surface artifacts visible for the first time in decades.

The systematic investigation that followed — led by archaeologists including Richard Fox and Douglas Scott — used metal detectors, systematic survey, and excavation to document the physical evidence left on the battlefield.