Shanidar Z — The 75,000-Year-Old Neanderthal Woman Whose Crushed Skull Was Rebuilt From More Than 200 Pieces
Once fragments were removed and cleaned, they were scanned individually at high resolution.
The digital scans were then used as the basis for virtual reconstruction — assembling the skull on a computer screen rather than physically gluing fragments together, which could introduce error or cause damage.
This digital-first approach has significant advantages.
Multiple reconstruction hypotheses can be tested without committing to a physical assembly.
Gaps in the reconstruction can be estimated and filled digitally.
The result can be shared with other researchers for independent verification.