Gurche’s reconstruction gave Shanidar Z a face that is simultaneously familiar and different.

The brow ridges are pronounced, the face broad, the features set in a way that reflects Neanderthal morphology rather than simply a modern human face aged in reverse.

But the eyes — necessarily interpretive, since eyes do not preserve — communicate something.

The public and media reaction ranged from genuine curiosity and emotional engagement to the predictable overclaiming: headlines that stated definitively that she had been buried with flowers, or that Neanderthals practiced religion, or that this proved they were “just like us.”

The researchers themselves were careful.