Above the Mousterian Neanderthal layers come the remains of later modern human occupation.

The cave saw use during the Epipaleolithic, the period following the last Ice Age, and into later prehistory.

It was not abandoned when the Neanderthals disappeared.

It remained useful — a sheltered space in a mountain landscape — and different human groups continued to use it.

The challenge for archaeologists is that repeated occupation means repeated disturbance.

Later inhabitants walked across surfaces that covered earlier deposits.

Their fires, their debris, their burials mixed to varying degrees with what came before.