Shanidar Z — The 75,000-Year-Old Neanderthal Woman Whose Crushed Skull Was Rebuilt From More Than 200 Pieces
Their contribution to projects like Shanidar Z is essential even when it remains largely invisible in popular coverage.
The Teeth as Calendar
One of the most precise tools available to researchers studying Neanderthal individuals is the microscopic analysis of tooth enamel — specifically, the daily growth lines, called imbricational lines, that form as a tooth develops.
During tooth formation, the enamel-producing cells lay down a thin layer of material each day, similar to the rings in a tree trunk.
Under high magnification, these lines are visible as fine striations across the surface of the enamel.
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