Shanidar Z — The 75,000-Year-Old Neanderthal Woman Whose Crushed Skull Was Rebuilt From More Than 200 Pieces
People used this cave for a very long time.
The earliest occupation layers at Shanidar date to approximately 100,000 years ago.
The cave was used, intermittently, across a span that covers much of what archaeologists call the Middle Paleolithic — the period associated with Neanderthal populations in Europe and western Asia.
Layers of sediment built up over that time: ash from fires, bone from meals, stone tools, and, eventually, human remains.
The remains of at least ten Neanderthal individuals have been identified at Shanidar.