Leroi-Gourhan’s interpretation was striking.

She argued that Shanidar 4 had been buried on a bed of flowers — that other Neanderthals had deliberately gathered specific plants and placed them with the body.

If true, this implied a level of intentional, possibly symbolic behavior that most archaeologists in the 1960s had not expected from Neanderthals.

The “Flower Burial” became one of the most cited pieces of evidence in the long argument about Neanderthal cognitive complexity.

It was also, almost immediately, challenged.