Families had been divided.

Some Ponca remained in Indian Territory, creating the historical path toward the Ponca communities now centered in Nebraska and Oklahoma.

For Standing Bear’s group, the legal right not to be forced south did not magically restore every material condition of life in the Niobrara homeland.

The Ponca Tribe of Nebraska states that because the tribe’s land had been taken, Standing Bear and his followers initially had no home to return to in the ordinary sense.

Eventually, approximately 26,000 acres in Knox County were restored to the returning Ponca.

That restoration was meaningful, but it was not a reset button.