STANDING BEAR WAS ARRESTED FOR TRYING TO GO HOME – THEN HIS CASE FORCED A U.S. COURT TO DECIDE IF A NATIVE MAN WAS A “PERSON”
Families, identity, community memory, and political organization persisted.
But federal recognition was gone for almost a quarter century.
The Ponca then organized for restoration.
In 1990, federal recognition was restored.
That restoration is essential to the full arc of Standing Bear’s legacy because it demonstrates that the struggle over legal recognition did not end with one nineteenth-century judgment.
The names of the legal categories changed.