Wild animals were not available for milking.

Hunter-gatherers could not make cheese or butter or yogurt.

The ability to digest lactose after childhood was not useful, and the LP variant was absent or very rare in Mesolithic populations.

When Neolithic farmers arrived with their cattle, the situation began to change — but not immediately.

The ancient DNA evidence shows that early Neolithic farmers did not carry the LP variant at high frequencies either.

Lactase persistence appears to have spread substantially later, during the Bronze Age and possibly in connection with the steppe pastoralist migrations and the subsequent development of intensive dairy farming.