The Tribe without Willerslev’s genuine commitment could not have obtained the DNA analysis.

The DNA analysis without the pre-existing agreement between the two parties would not have produced the repatriation.

The lesson — if there is one lesson — is that the seemingly opposed interests of scientific investigation and Indigenous governance are not necessarily opposed in practice.

They can be aligned, but only when both sides bring genuine respect and genuine good faith to the process of alignment.

The Spirit Cave case did not resolve the broader tensions between archaeological science and Indigenous rights in the United States.