This rapid differentiation is consistent with the overall picture of fast initial spread and rapid geographic separation of founding groups.

The Question The DNA Cannot Answer

There is a question that the Spirit Cave Man’s genome — however powerful a piece of scientific evidence it represents — cannot answer, and it is worth being clear about what that question is.

The genome can tell us, with a high degree of confidence, that the Spirit Cave Man was genetically part of the founding population of Native Americans.

It can tell us that his genome was most closely related to Native American populations, and specifically to groups from western North America.