North American horses were about the size of modern horses and lived in herds on the open grasslands and parklands of the Pleistocene landscape.

Their extinction at the end of the Pleistocene deprived the continent of a large social herbivore for thousands of years, until the Spanish introduced European horses in the 16th century.

American camels — members of the genus Camelops — were also part of the Pleistocene fauna, occupying arid and semi-arid regions of western North America.

Giant ground sloths of multiple species occupied a wide range of environments, from the open grasslands to the forests.

American lions and dire wolves were major predators.