The geological context was confirmed.

The radiocarbon age of 10,960 ± 80 years BP was calibrated to approximately 13,000 calendar years.

And the full implication of that number — combined with the full implication of the island’s geography — changed what was known about the terminal Pleistocene Americas.

By 13,000 years ago, a human being was on Santa Rosa Island, California.

The island was separated from the mainland by miles of open water.

The crossing required maritime capability — watercraft, knowledge of the sea, the physical and cognitive tools of open-water navigation.