A fiber from a textile.

A small piece of bone from a fragmentary human skeleton.

All of these became datable by AMS in ways that conventional methods could not achieve.

For Arlington Springs, the small-sample requirement was critical.

The two femoral fragments were the entire physical record of the Arlington Springs individual.

Conventional radiocarbon dating of bone would have required consuming a significant fraction of the material — potentially most of it — in the dating process.

AMS required only a few milligrams of purified carbon, leaving the majority of the sample intact for other analyses and for posterity.