Each method has its own specific sources of error and its own specific limitations.

When those sources of error are different for different methods, the probability that all methods are simultaneously wrong in the same direction is multiplicatively small.

For the Paisley evidence, this principle played out across three specific methodological convergences.

The first was the convergence of ancient DNA analysis with radiocarbon dating.

Ancient DNA established a biological identity — the human maternal haplogroups in the coprolites.

Radiocarbon dating established a temporal position — the pre-Clovis age of the coprolites.