The founding Native American haplogroups were established in the ancestral Beringian population before the dispersal into the Americas, and they have been carried by the descendants of that founding population through thousands of years of population differentiation, cultural diversification, and geographic spread.

Knowing that a 14,000-year-old individual had mitochondrial haplogroup A2 tells us something important about their ancestry.

It does not tell us which language their descendants spoke, which cultural traditions they maintained, or which modern tribal nations are most directly descended from their specific community.

These distinctions matter, and any responsible presentation of the Paisley evidence has to maintain them.

Why the Timing Was Extraordinary