The climate future is a more immediate concern.

The tepui summit communities are adapted to specific temperature ranges, precipitation patterns, and cloud regimes.

Changes in these conditions, driven by global warming and the associated shifts in tropical circulation patterns, have the potential to push summit conditions outside the ranges to which current species are adapted.

The most vulnerable species are those with the most specific environmental requirements and the least capacity to move.

The Roraima bush toad cannot fly to a cooler summit if Roraima’s summit becomes too warm.