The Pemón and other Indigenous peoples of the tepui region continue to maintain the traditions and knowledge that have been part of their relationship to this landscape for generations, adapting to changing conditions while preserving the core of what has been transmitted to them.

The conservation challenges — climate change, tourism pressure, the need for sustainable management frameworks that include Indigenous communities as decision-makers — are being addressed with varying degrees of success and remain ongoing work.

And the mountain itself — two billion years old in its rock, continuously changing in its form, hosting life that exists nowhere else, draining into three of the world’s great river systems, wrapped in cloud above the Gran Sabana — continues its geological and biological career on timescales that make human history look like a single afternoon.

Roraima was here before complex animal life existed on Earth.