Sea levels were as much as 120 to 130 meters lower than present, exposing vast areas of continental shelf that are now under water.

The lower sea levels are what created the Bering Land Bridge — more accurately called Beringia — the land connection between northeastern Asia and northwestern North America.

At its maximum extent, Beringia was not simply a bridge but an enormous landmass, perhaps 1,000 kilometers across from north to south, connecting the Siberian mainland to Alaska and extending south and west to expose much of the continental shelf of the North Pacific.

The climate of Beringia during the Last Glacial Maximum was cold, dry, and windy.