Three-dimensional characterization of marks allows comparison with experimentally produced marks from known causes with greater precision than two-dimensional imaging, potentially resolving some of the remaining uncertainty about the taphonomic attribution of the more ambiguous specimens.

Further excavation of the Bluefish Caves sediment — with the application of modern excavation methods including systematic sampling for microfauna, botanical remains, environmental DNA, and other materials — could extend the stratigraphic record of the site and potentially identify additional specimens with human modifications in well-documented stratigraphic contexts.

Each of these potential future contributions would add to the picture that the 2017 reanalysis established, but none of them would by itself resolve all the remaining questions about the site or about the broader question of the first Americans.

The evidence from Bluefish Caves is one piece of a much larger puzzle, and the puzzle will only be solved by the accumulation of evidence from multiple sites, multiple methods, and multiple types of analysis.