The resulting genome was not complete.

No 24,000-year-old genome is complete in the sense that a modern genome sequenced from a living person is complete.

The degradation of 24 millennia produces gaps, uncertainties, and noise that must be carefully distinguished from genuine ancient signal.

But the genome that was recovered was extensive enough to allow meaningful population genetic analysis — comparison against the genomes of other ancient and modern individuals to establish patterns of relatedness, shared ancestry, and genetic distance.

What those comparisons revealed was something that the anthropological community had not expected.