The Broader Ancient DNA Revolution

The Mal’ta paper of 2013 was part of a broader revolution in ancient genomics that was transforming the study of human prehistory during the first two decades of the twenty-first century.

The development of next-generation sequencing technology — the ability to sequence large amounts of DNA cheaply and rapidly — and the refinement of methods for extracting and analyzing ancient, degraded genetic material had made it possible, for the first time, to conduct large-scale genomic studies of prehistoric populations.

Researchers were applying these methods to sites across Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas, recovering genomes from individuals who had died hundreds, thousands, or tens of thousands of years ago.