For archaeology, permafrost thaw is a race against time.

The same conditions that preserved the Ice Maiden — the stable, cold, frozen environment — are deteriorating.

Organic materials that have been frozen for thousands of years are being exposed to the microbial decomposition that the cold prevented.

Textiles, wood, leather, foodstuffs, soft tissues — all of these will deteriorate rapidly once the permafrost thaws.

The kurgans of the Ukok Plateau and other Siberian high-altitude sites are not immune to this process.

The permafrost that preserved the Ice Maiden is part of the same global system that is now warming.