Griaznov in 1929 and then by Sergei Rudenko in a series of excavations in the 1940s and 1950s.

These excavations produced extraordinary finds: textiles, wooden furniture, horse equipment, felt hangings decorated with elaborate animal imagery, preserved human bodies, and the beginnings of a picture of a culture that was far more sophisticated than the label “nomad” might suggest.

The finds from the Pazyryk kurgans are among the finest ancient textiles and decorative arts known from anywhere in the world.

The felt and wool textiles show a level of artistic sophistication — a complex vocabulary of animal imagery, geometric pattern, and narrative scene — that reflects a culture with deep aesthetic investment.