Their artistic activity in the Maros-Pangkep caves demonstrates fully modern symbolic and representational thinking.

The person whose jaw fragment was found at Leang Bulu Bettue — dated to 16,000 to 25,000 years ago — was part of this same long tradition of modern human occupation of the Sulawesi karst.

They may have lived thousands of years after the oldest cave paintings, but they were in the same landscape, in the same caves, as the humans who created that art.

The betel nut habit documented in their teeth is, in a sense, a complement to the cave paintings: both are evidence of specifically human behaviors in this specific place and time.