The 25,000-Year-Old Teeth That Just Rewrote The History Of Human Drug Use
The Sulawesi paper shifts the upper bound of the direct evidence significantly.
The 16,000 to 25,000 year date for the betel nut specimen is not simply a few thousand years older than the previous record; it is twice to nearly twice as old.
It extends the evidence into the Last Glacial Maximum, into a period that was previously thought to be too distant in time for this kind of behavioral evidence to have survived.
The fact that it does survive — in the form of chemically detectable arecoline traces in dental tissue — reflects both the exceptional qualities of tooth enamel as a preservation medium and the specific favorable conditions of the Sulawesi cave deposits.