They were one tributary in the river of ancestry that eventually produced the first Americans.

Through the Kolyma1-like populations, who combined ANS-related ancestry with East Asian-related ancestry, the ANS genetic legacy reached the populations that would eventually cross into the Americas.

This makes the Yana children’s story relevant to the history of the Indigenous peoples of North and South America not as a story of direct ancestry but as a story of the deep and complex roots of that ancestry.

The family tree of Native Americans extends far back into the Ice Age, far deeper than any historical record can reach, through a series of population movements and admixtures that took place in the far northeast of Asia across tens of thousands of years.