Children in Ice Age Arctic communities were dependent on the community’s collective capabilities in a way that is more acute than in more temperate environments.

They needed to be fed — and feeding them required successful hunting, which required adult skill, coordination, and technology.

They needed to be warm — and keeping them warm required the tailored sewn clothing that the bone needles at Yana imply, garments made and maintained by adults with specific skills.

They needed protection from the cold, from predators, from the specific hazards of an environment in which survival margins were thin.

The presence of two children, evidenced by their lost milk teeth, does not tell us how many children were in the community at any given time.