Other sites in the region may have no human remains to contribute to the ancient DNA database.

What we still do not know is extensive.

We do not know how large the Ancient North Siberian population was.

We do not know how widely they ranged.

We do not know whether the Yana community was a typical example of ANS lifeways or an unusual far-northern expression of a population that was primarily distributed at lower latitudes.

We do not know how the ANS related to their contemporaries in other parts of Eurasia — whether they had contact with and exchanged genes with populations in central Asia, in Europe, in other parts of Siberia.

We do not know, from the available evidence, how the ANS population eventually declined or was absorbed.