The Mammoth Steppe was dry.

During the Ice Age, the climate of northern Siberia was colder than today but also significantly less wet.

The precipitation that now falls on the Arctic lowlands and creates the waterlogged permafrost conditions of modern Siberian tundra was sequestered as snow and ice on the continental glaciers of the northern hemisphere.

Less water fell on the unglaciated regions of Siberia, and the result was a dry, grass-dominated ecosystem that extended from the Atlantic coast of Europe all the way across Eurasia and into Beringia and the interior of North America.

This ecosystem sustained megafauna of extraordinary variety and abundance.