The 4,500-Year-Old Egyptian Man Found In A Tomb — And The DNA Test That Revealed His Unexpected Ancestry
The bioinformatics analysis that follows is where the real work of ancient DNA research happens.
The millions of sequenced reads must be mapped against the reference human genome, which serves as a template for assembly.
Reads that map to the reference at positions that match the expected pattern for authentic ancient DNA — accounting for the specific chemical damage that accumulates at the ends of ancient DNA fragments — are distinguished from reads that match the pattern expected for modern contamination.
The level of contamination is estimated and, if too high, the data is discarded.
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