Additional genomes are needed to answer this.

The specific timing and mechanism of the Fertile Crescent ancestry introduction remains uncertain.

Whether the 20 percent eastern Fertile Crescent ancestry in NUE001’s genome reflects the Neolithic introduction of farming-related ancestry (which would have happened thousands of years before his birth), or more recent mixing during the proto-Dynastic and Early Dynastic periods when the archaeological evidence for Egyptian-Mesopotamian contact is strongest, or a combination of both, cannot be determined from a single genome.

The genetic relationship between NUE001 and later ancient Egyptians — including those from the Middle Kingdom, the New Kingdom, and the Late Period — is unknown.