Ötzi, who died around 3300 BCE, lived before this transformation.

He was part of the world that the steppe expansion would soon begin to change.

His genome, reflecting the almost purely Anatolian farmer ancestry of an isolated Alpine population, is a snapshot of what the genetics of European communities looked like before the steppe migration fundamentally changed them.

He is, in this sense, a representative of the European population as it was — before it became what it is today.

The Mummy In The Museum: Ötzi’s Afterlife