It is important to state explicitly: elongated skull shape does not indicate a different biological species, a lost race, or a separate origin outside the Americas.

Variation in cranial morphology among ancient populations reflects a range of biological factors — normal within-population variation, differences between populations that have been geographically separated for extended periods, and possibly cultural practices in some cases.

The Checua individuals were fully anatomically modern human beings.

The skull morphology observation is one physical characteristic among many, and it was the DNA — not the skull shape — that revealed the most significant information about who these people were.

Dental pathology was also noted.