A third important chiefdom was centered on Sogamoso, site of a major religious center dedicated to the sun deity Sué.

The Muisca political system was not a unified empire but a network of hierarchically organized chiefdoms in which paramount chiefs — the zipa of Bogotá and the zaque of Hunza — exercised authority over subsidiary chiefs who in turn administered local communities.

This hierarchical structure was maintained through tribute systems, marriage alliances, ritual relationships, and the control of access to prestige goods.

The material culture of the Muisca is perhaps best known through their goldwork — the tumbaga artifacts (alloys of gold and copper) that Muisca artisans produced in extraordinary numbers and varieties.