It established that a man died there approximately 8,800 years ago.

It established that he was middle-aged, male, physically robust, and short by modern standards.

It established that he had carried fire deep into the cave’s dark zone, leaving traces on the walls that have persisted to the present day.

And it established that his maternal lineage belonged to haplogroup B — one of the founding maternal lineages of all the Indigenous peoples of the Americas.

That is a great deal to recover from a partial skeleton in a cold cave at high altitude.