The 9,000-Year-Old Child’s Tooth Found In An Alaska Cave — And The DNA Test That Revealed A Lost Population Of The First Americans
Computational filtering can remove reads that do not match the expected short-fragment profile of ancient DNA.
The characteristic chemical damage pattern of ancient DNA — specifically, the increased frequency of cytosine-to-thymine mismatches at the ends of DNA fragments, resulting from cytosine deamination over time — is another authentication criterion.
Genuine ancient sequences show this damage pattern; modern contamination does not.
Computational analysis of the sequencing data can identify and authenticate sequences on this basis.
After authentication, the surviving ancient reads are mapped to a reference human genome.
Each sequenced fragment is aligned to the position in the reference genome that it most closely matches.
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