The Ice Age animals that had characterized the Pleistocene ecosystem of the Seward Peninsula — horses, mammoths, and the rest of the megafauna — had been extinct for millennia.

The people of the region had developed, over successive generations, the technologies and cultural practices that allowed them to thrive in an Arctic coastal environment: maritime hunting, the management of sea ice as a working surface, the specialized clothing and shelter construction that makes Arctic survival possible.

Civilizations had risen and fallen across the Old World and the New.

The entire written history of humanity had been played out.

And the tooth waited.