Each agreement was followed by a new demand, a new relocation, a new reduction of the territory and resources available to them.

The Ojo Caliente reservation — established at the Warm Springs homeland that the people had specifically requested — was created and then eliminated without the meaningful consent of the people living on it.

Victorio’s decision to leave the reservation and begin the resistance was not the act of someone who had rejected negotiation.

It was the act of someone who had exhausted negotiation and found that the other party was not dealing in good faith.

He had petitioned, argued, and requested through every available channel the right to remain in his people’s homeland.