What Was Lost and What Survived

The cultural disruption of the Apache Wars and the prisoner years resulted in the loss of a great deal of knowledge, tradition, and practice that had accumulated over generations.

Languages shifted and contracted.

Ceremonies that required specific locations and specific practitioners could not be performed in the conditions of captivity.

Knowledge of the specific landscape of the homeland — the location of springs, the paths through the mountains, the specific plants in specific places — lost its practical utility as the people who held it were removed from the land.

But much survived.