He stood outside his lodge and raised the American flag.

He raised the white flag beside it.

He had been told both would protect him.

He believed it.

He had done everything the American government asked of him — moved to the designated area, reported to Fort Lyon, tried to maintain peace among his own people in conditions that made peace increasingly difficult to maintain.

He believed that the flags meant something, that the commitments behind them were real, that the American political system had within it the will to honor what it had promised.

He was wrong about the last of these.