What Black Kettle Believed and Why It Mattered

To understand Black Kettle’s significance, you have to take seriously what he believed — not dismiss it as naivety or accommodation or collaboration with colonialism, but understand it as a coherent position developed through years of experience and genuine strategic reasoning.

He believed that the Cheyenne could not win a war against the United States.

This belief was correct.

The War of 1812 had demonstrated American military reach.

The Mexican-American War had demonstrated American capacity for conquest at continental scale.