The violations of those commitments — at Sand Creek, at the Washita, and in the years between — were not accidents or misunderstandings.

They were the product of deliberate choices made by American officials who prioritized the interests of settlers and the ideology of expansion over the legal and moral obligations of the treaty system.

The recognition that this was wrong — embedded in the congressional investigations of 1865, in the Supreme Court’s recognition in later decades that Indian treaties created genuine legal obligations, and in the contemporary acknowledgments of sites like Sand Creek National Historic Site — is genuine.

It is also incomplete.