Her story — surviving the unsurvivable, living years in the shadow of that survival, and ultimately being killed in the same kind of attack — is one of the most heart-rending in the entire history of the southern plains.

Other survivors of Sand Creek went on to tell the story of what happened through congressional testimony, oral accounts, and later interviews with historians.

Their testimony is among the most important primary sources for understanding Sand Creek — eyewitness accounts from people who had experienced the attack directly.

The survival of the Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho people as communities, despite everything they endured in the 1860s and in the subsequent decades, is itself a form of testimony.

The Southern Cheyenne and Southern Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma maintain tribal sovereignty and cultural traditions today.